Bariatric surgery (Weight loss surgery): purposes, types and procedures

Obesity and Type 2 diabetes are directly interconnected and that is why an obese person has more likely to have type 2 diabetes. So, Bariatric surgery, which is also known as weight loss surgery or obesity surgery is considered as a treatment for type 2 diabetes. When an obese patient reaches to a healthy weight, his/her blood sugar levels get back to normal range. That means he/she may need fewer or no medication for diabetes. As diabetes may cause your heart, kidneys, eyes and nerves, doctors commonly suggest weight loss surgery as a way to improve your health.

Bariatric surgery is mainly of two types; gastric bypass surgery and adjustable gastric banding. Both types of surgeries are performed to reduce the size of the stomach from the size of a football to about the size of a golf ball. While the normal stomach holds about a quart of food, the small pouch created by surgery can hold only about a half-cup.

Gastric bypass surgery

Gastric bypass surgery is a type of weight loss surgery that most frequently performed. It is generally performed laproscopically. In this method, the surgeon uses a laproscope, a snake like camera, with the help of which he sees and works inside the body through just a small incision. Bypass surgery allows the stomach to reduce the size by over 90 percent that reduces the amount of food taken. In normal situation the food travels 20-foot length of the small intestine. But after surgery, food bypasses most of the stomach as well as about 4 feet length of small intestine. As a result, the number of calories absorbed will be reduced largely.

Adjustable gastric banding'

Adjustable gastric banding is also performed laproscopically in most cases and so it has a nickname "lap-banding". In this treatment, the stomach is wrapped with a fluid filled belt. When the belt is tightening, two stomach pouches are formed. While the small upper pouch receives food from the esophagus, the larger lower pouch drains into the small intestine. Saline solution is added through a port just under the surface of the skin, which connects to the band via a thin tube in order to adjust the tightness of the belt.

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