Postbiotics are non-viable microbial components and metabolites produced by microorganisms (like bacteria, yeast, and algae) that have a certain health benefit when consumed in adequate amounts, mainly through the modulation of the gut microbiota and immune system.
- When beneficial bacteria ferment certain foods containing prebiotics, postbiotics are created as beneficial byproducts of bacterial metabolism.
- Postbiotics can positively impact both the gut and the skin and enhance other aspects of health, such as immune function, and metabolic regulation.
- Examples include:
- Lactic acid in yogurt
- Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs): acetate, propionate, butyrate
- Antimicrobials: bacteriocins, H202
- Enzymes
Postbiotics may act as:
- antimicrobial and antiviral agents
- immune modulators
- anti-inflammatory agents
- antitumor agents
- antioxidants
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